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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

摘要： Rock blasting is a dynamic process accompanied with the propagations of shock waves and the dispersion of the explosion gas. This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process. A dynamic parameter adjustment and the non-reflecting boundary condition are implemented in the DDA method. The sub-block DDA method to simulate fracture problems is used. The blasting process in jointed rock mass is simulated by application of the explosion gas pressure on the expanding borehole walls and induced connected fracture surfaces around the boreholes. The blast craters with different overburdens are derived. The whole process including the explosion gas dispersion, borehole expansion, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting piles in rock blasting are well reproduced numerically. Parametric study for different overburdens is carried out, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

关键词： blast crater jointed rock mass explosion gas pressure discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method

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Characterization on jointed rock masses based on PFC2D

Peitao WANG, Tianhong YANG, Qinglei YU, Honglei LIU, Penghai ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 32-38 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0187-9

摘要： Geometrical parameters of discontinuities, such as spacing, length, dip and fault throw between joints have a great influence on the mechanical behavior of jointed rock masses. Accurate characterization for discontinuities is important for investigate the stability of rock masses. In this paper, the PFC2D is combined with joint network generation method to examine the mechanical behaviors of jointed mass. Taking Miaogou Open-pit Mine as an example, the information and statistical distributions of discontinuities of the slope rock masses are measured by ShapeMetriX3D measuring tool. Then, the automatic generation algorithm of random joints network based on the Monte-Carlo method is proposed using the programming language (FISH) embedded within PFC2D. This algorithm could represent the discontinuities compared with the geological surveys. In simulating the compression test of a jointed rock sample, the mechanical behavior and crack propagation were investigated. The results reveal that the failure mode and crack propagation of the jointed rock are dominated by the distribution of joints in addition to the intact rock properties. The simulation result shows the feasibility of the joints generating method in application to jointed rock mass.

关键词： jointed rock masses shape metrix3D monte-carlo stochastic simulation method PFC2D

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矿山岩体力学及工程的研究进展与展望

谢和平

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第3期页码 31-38

摘要：

文章针对采矿工程的实际问题，综述了矿山岩体力学理论与应用的研究进展，主要内容包括矿山岩体力学的损伤研究与应用、矿山岩体力学的分形研究与应用和矿山岩体力学损伤与分形研究的工程应用；讨论了矿山岩体力学今后的研究方向，即深部开采带来的工程灾害防治、开采方法选择的科学问题与关键技术措施。

关键词：矿山岩体力学研究现状展望

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赋含稀有及有色金属的长英质岩体岩石学与岩石地球化学对比分析

王子玺,凌锦兰,宋艳芳

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第2期页码 50-58

摘要：

长英质岩体常赋含Cu、Mo、W、Sn、Nb、Ta而形成稀有及有色金属矿床，大多数富矿岩体都属于小岩体（面积＜10 km2）。赋含铜钼矿的岩体中岩浆的SiO2、K2O、K2O/Na2O高有利于富集Mo；Al2O3、Fe2O3T、MgO、CaO含量高有利于富集Cu。赋含钨锡矿的岩体中岩浆的SiO2、K2O高有利于富集W；Al2O3、Fe2O3T、MgO、CaO含量高有利于富集Sn。赋含铌钽的岩体中岩浆中高Fe2O3T、低P2O5、富碱、高TiO2有利于Nb的富集。含Cu矿岩体基本都属I型花岗岩，而含Mo矿岩体属由I型到S型的过渡类型；赋含钨锡矿的岩体基本属于S型花岗岩；而赋含铌钽矿的长英质岩体成因类型复杂，I型、S型、A型花岗岩均有。

关键词：长英质岩体；稀有金属；有色金属；岩石成因；小岩体

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深部岩体动力变形与破坏基本问题

李杰,王明洋,张宁,范鹏贤

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 71-79

摘要：

深部岩体非线性力学行为是目前岩石力学界研究的重点和难点，研究的困难在于在很大的动力变形与破坏情况下如何阐述岩体的性质。本文通过对深部围岩变形破坏机理、深部岩体动力破坏过程中的基本问题（时间效应、断裂损伤描述等）以及深部岩体特征科学现象（分区破裂、岩爆理论）等方面的研究成果进行梳理和总结，指出深部岩体力学问题是有效的四维空间问题，是在开挖寿命尺度上应力状态的演化，对深部围岩变形破坏机理的研究必须要建立与时间、空间有关的岩石性质的概念。目前要揭示深部岩体卸荷状态下真实的变形与破坏过程，必须继续在连续介质力学框架内研究基于微、细观物理力学的理论，在强度理论中引入时间参数作为塑性流动和破坏过程的特征，并采用合理的手段描述岩体的断裂损伤，岩爆和分区破裂是一个科学问题的两个现象，应当用统一的理论来解释和模拟，本文研究成果可为今后的研究工作指明方向。

关键词：深部岩体动力破坏时间效应断裂损伤岩爆分区破裂

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interface adhesion factor on the bearing capacity of strip footing placed on cohesive soil overlying rockmass

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1494-1503 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0768-y

摘要： The problem related to bearing capacity of footing either on pure soil or on pure rock mass has been investigated over the years. Currently, no study deals with the bearing capacity of strip footing on a cohesive soil layer overlying rock mass. Therefore, by implementing the lower bound finite element limit analysis in conjunction with the second-order cone programming and the power cone programming, the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing located on a cohesive soil overlying rock mass is determined in this study. By considering the different values of interface adhesion factor (α_cr) between the cohesive soil and rock mass, the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing is expressed in terms of influence factor (I_f) for different values of cohesive soil layer cover ratio (T_cs/B). The failure of cohesive soil is modeled by using Mohr−Coulomb yield criterion, whereas Generalized Hoek−Brown yield criterion is utilized to model the rock mass at failure. The variations ofI_f with different magnitudes of α_cr are studied by considering the influence of the rock mass strength parameters of beneath rock mass layer. To examine stress distribution at different depths, failure patterns are also plotted.

关键词： bearing capacity soil-rock interface Hoek−Brown yield criterion plasticity limit analysis

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硗碛水电站土石坝坝肩强风化岩体处理

王寿根

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第3期页码 78-83

摘要：

硗碛水电站宽级配碎石土心墙堆石坝坝高123 m，坝肩两岸千枚岩、砂岩岩体强风化水平深度14.6～66.4 m，由于岩体强风化深度大，按规范开挖工程量巨大，故仅开挖至强风化上部（局部达强风化中部），突破该规范要求。文章详实论述了硗碛水电站坝肩强风化岩体处理方案、灌浆试验成果及工艺要求，论证了采用灌浆加固及防渗处理的可行性，提出了处理措施及施工控制标准。

关键词：硗碛水电站土石坝坝肩处理强风化岩体固结灌浆帷幕灌浆

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深部开采的一些挑战 Review

Charles Fairhurst

《工程（英文）》 2017年第3卷第4期页码 527-537 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.017

摘要：

持续增长的全球矿产供给对于满足迅速增长的世界人口的需求和期望是必不可少的。这意味着要向更深处开采。由设备供应商通过自持久R&D 研发的自动开采系统，减少了矿工暴露于恶劣的工作环境并增加了安全性。为确定矿产经济地被开采出来的深度，安全性的增长在于“地面控制”和岩石力学。尽管第二次世界大战以来，为将力学应用在采矿设计上，研究者付出了许多重要的努力，但均出现过技术和组织上的障碍。相较于大多数其他工科学科所遇到的典型工程材料，原位岩石是更复杂的一种。几千年来，采矿工程在设计上大量地依赖于经验方法。随着日益向矿山深部探索，这些方法不再适用于解决21 世纪的挑战。2008 年综合岩体模型（SRM）的发展给研究者提供了分析各向异性和不连续性岩体变形行为的能力——这些属性于1966 年被国际岩石力学学会（ISRM）的主席和创始人Leopold Müller 描述为原位岩石的本质特征。运用SRM 在大尺度采矿作业数值模拟（如崩落法）上的最新进展揭露了未预料到的岩石的变形行为。大量的平行计算和云计算技术的应用提供了许多重要机会，例如，评价数值预测中的不确定性；建立现用于岩石工程中的经验法则的力学基础及其在现有经验之上的岩体行为预测的正确性；还有在深部开采的优化设计中采用离散元法。首次，采矿和岩石工程将有其自有的基于力学的“实验室”。这有望成为在未来深部高效开采设计中的主要手段。通过在有80 多年历史的塔斯马尼亚Mount Lyell 铜矿应用采矿法反演，本文以演示实验室中DEM 和SRM 程序应用的讨论作为结束。

关键词：深部开采岩石的不连续性综合岩体模型矿产资源岩石力学

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Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1372-1389 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

摘要： Acoustic emission and digital image correlation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of crack extension of soft and hard composite laminated rock masses (SHCLRM) containing double fissures under uniaxial compression. The effects of different rock combination methods and prefabricated fissures with different orientations on mechanical properties and crack coalescence patterns were analyzed. The characteristics of the acoustic emission source location distribution, and frequency changes of the crack evolution process were also investigated. The test results show that the damage mode of SHCLRM is related to the combination mode of rock layers and the orientation of fractures. Hard layers predominantly produce tensile cracks; soft layers produce shear cracks. The first crack always sprouts at the tip or middle of prefabricated fractures in hard layers. The acoustic emission signal of SHCLRM with double fractures has clear stage characteristics, and the state of crack development can be inferred from this signal to provide early warning for rock fracture instability. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of the fracture development status between adjacent roadways in SHCLRM in underground mines, as well as in roadway layout and support.

关键词： soft−hard composite layered rock mass double cracks crack evolution acoustic emission digital image correlation

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西堠门大桥北塔位岩体深部裂隙发育特征的综合勘察技术

梁龙,潘永坚,王武刚,任建新

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 28-32

摘要：

在针对西堠门大桥北塔位（老虎山）岩体深部节理裂隙发育特征的勘察中，采用了钻探、孔内电视、声波CT、压水试验等综合性勘察手段，为大桥北塔位的基础设计及施工提供了准确详细的地质依据，也为今后大型工程深部地基基础的综合勘察提供了宝贵经验。

关键词：西堠门大桥岩体深部裂隙发育特征综合勘察技术

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Investigation on the freeze-thaw damage to the jointed plain concrete pavement under different climate

Shuaicheng GUO, Qingli DAI, Jacob HILLER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 227-238 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0426-6

摘要： Freeze-thaw damage is one of the main threats to the long time performance of the concrete pavement in the cold regions. This project aims to evaluate the influence of the freeze-thaw damages on pavement distresses under different climate conditions. Based on the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) data base, the freeze-thaw damage generated by four different kinds of climate conditions are considered in this project: wet-freeze, wet-non freeze, dry-freeze and dry-non freeze. The amount of the transverse crack and the joint spalling, along with the International Roughness Index ( ) are compared among the test sections located in these four different climate conditions. The back calculation with the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test results based on the ERES and the Estimation of Concrete Pavement Parameters (ECOPP) methods are conducted to obtain concrete slab elastic modulus and the subgrade -value. These two parameters both decrease with service time under freeze condition. Finally, MEPDG simulation is conducted to simulate the development with service year. These results showed the reasonable freeze-thaw damage development with pavement service life and under different climate conditions.

关键词： LTPP elastic modulus k-value IRI MEPDG

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Computational methods for fracture in rock: a review and recent advances

Ali JENABIDEHKORDI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 273-287 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0459-5

摘要： We present an overview of the most popular state-of-the-art computational methods available for modelling fracture in rock. The summarized numerical methods can be classified into three categories: Continuum Based Methods, Discrete Crack Approaches, and Block-Based Methods. We will not only provide an extensive review of those methods which can be found elsewhere but particularly address their potential in modelling fracture in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. In this context, we will discuss their key applications, assumptions, and limitations. Furthermore, we also address ‘general’ difficulties that may arise for simulating fracture in rock and fractured rock. This review will conclude with some final remarks and future challenges.

关键词： numerical modelling method development rock mechanics fractured rock rock fracturing

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李金波：地下原位岩体信息化技术（2021年8月19日）

2021年10月17日

关键词：国际工程

基于多声源波速结构成像的岩体异常区域超前辨识方法 Article

董陇军, 裴重伟, 谢鑫, 张义涵, 闫先航

《工程（英文）》 2023年第22卷第3期页码 191-200 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.016

摘要：

异常区域超前辨识对于预防地下岩土工程灾害具有重要作用。为了满足地下工程高精度探测的需求，本文提出一种层析成像方法以辨识复杂岩体结构中的异常区域，结合了走时层析、阻尼最小二乘法和高斯滤波等技术。该方法克服了空洞区域辨识中速度差限制，减轻了迭代中孤立速度突变所带来的影响。开展了数值和室内实验，量化评估最短路径法（shortest-path method, SPM）、动态最短路径法（dynamic shortest-path method, DSPM）和快速扫描法（fast sweeping method, FSM）等正演模拟的识别精度和计算效率。结果表明，在数值和室内实验中DSPM和FSM均能清晰地辨识出异常区域。陕西震奥矿山现场应用结果证明了该方法可利用矿山开采中爆破、微震等多类声源对矿山内部未知结构进行波速场成像。本研究不仅实现了走时层析成像方法在异常区域识别中的应用，而且为地下岩土工程中潜在风险源的探测提供了新的思路。

关键词：地下工程走时层析复杂结构异常区域辨识射线追踪